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Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Flow Chart

What is a FlowChart
Image result for flow chart

A flowchart is a formalized graphic representation of a logic sequence, work or manufacturing process, organization chart, or similar formalized







Flowchart Symbols
Basic Rules Of Flowchart


     Advantage of FlowChart 



• Communication: Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of a system to all concerned or involved.
• Effective analysis: With the help of flowchart, problem can be analysed in more effective way therefore reducing cost and wastage of time.
• Proper documentation: Program flowcharts serve as a good program documentation, which is needed for various purposes, making things more efficient.
• Efficient Coding: The flowcharts act as a guide or blueprint during the systems analysis and program development phase.

How do you write a flowchart?

    Image result for how

  • Use Consistent Design Elements
  • Keep Everything on One Page
  • Flow Data from Left to Right
  • Use a Split Path Instead of a Traditional Decision Symbol
  • Place Return Lines Under the Flow Diagram

Disadvantage of Flowchart

Image result for disadvantages• Complex logic: Sometimes, the program logic is quite complicated. In that case, flowchart becomes complex and clumsy. This will become a pain for the user, resulting in a waste of time and money trying to correct the problem
• Alterations and Modifications: If alterations are required the flowchart may require re-drawing completely. This will usually waste valuable time.
• Reproduction: As the flowchart symbols cannot be typed, reproduction of flowchart becomes a problem.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Pseudo-code

Pseudo code

  • Pseudo-code is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm.
  • It uses the structural conventions of a normal programming language, but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading.
  • It is simply a numbered list of instructions to perform some task.

Why use Pseudo-code

  • The purpose of using pseudocode is an efficient key principle of an algorithm.
  • It is used in planning an algorithm with sketching out the structure of the program before the actual coding takes place.
  • Pseudocode is understood by the programmers of all types.

  How is Pseudo-code Written

  • Pseudocode is a method of writing out computer code in the English language.
  • Instead of jumping straight into a programming language, computer programmers use pseudocode to clearly and concisely list out what they hope to accomplish with their new program.

Rules of Pseudo-code

  • Write one statement per line : After getting the formal design, such as lists of major tasks, subtasks and so on.
  • Capitalize Initial Keywords 
  • Indent to show hierarchy 
  • End Multiline Structure 
  • Keep statements language independent 

Advantage of Pseudo-code 

  • It is a language-independent it can be used by most programmers it allows the developer to express the design in plain and natural language.
  • It is easier to develop a program from a pseudo code as compared to the flow chart. Programmers do not have to think about syntax, we simply have to concentrate on the underline logic.
  • The focus is on the steps to solve a problem rather than how to use the computer language.
  • Often it is easy to translate pseudocode into a programming language, a step which can be accomplished by less experienced
  • The uses of words and phrases in pseudo code, which are in the lines of basic computer operations simplify the translation from the pseudo code algorithm to the specific programming language.

Disadvantage of Pseudo-code

  • The main disadvantages are that it does not provide a visual representation of the program
    ming logic.
  • There are no accepted standards for writing the pseudo code. Programmers use their own styles of writing pseudo code.
  • The pseudo code cannot be compiled nor executed and there is no real formative of a syntax of rules. It is simply one step, an important one, in producing the final code.

Keys of Pseudo-code

  • Do While
  • EndDo
  • Do
  • Until
  • .Enddo
  • Case
  • EndCase
  • If
  • Endif
  • Call

C#

C#

  • C# is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented, and component-oriented programming disciplines.
  • Family :C
  • Designed & Developer by Microsoft
  • First appeared 2000
  • Website : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/index

Advantage of C#


  • Object- Oriented Language. C# is pure object-oriented language, this allows you to create modular maintainable applications and reusable codes. ...
  • Automatic Garbage Collection. ...
  • No Problem if Memory Leak. ...
  • Easy-to-Development. ...
  • Cross Platform. ...
  • Better Integration. ...
  • More Legible Coding. ...
  • Scarcity of Choice.

Disadvantage of C#


  • It has no security.
  • Complex in a very large high-level program.
  • Used for platform specific application commonly.
  • For a particular operating system or platform, the library set has usually chosen that locks.
  • When C++ used for web applications complex and difficult to debug.
  • C++ can't support garbage collection.

Features of C#


  • Simplicity. All the Syntax of java is like C++. ...
  • Consistent Behavior. C# introduced a unified type system which eliminates the problem of varying ranges of integer types. ...
  • Modern Programming Language. ...
  • Pure Object-Oriented Programming Language. ...
  • Type Safety. ...
  • Feature of Versioning. ...
  • Compatible with other Language. ...
  • Inter-operability.


Structure of C#



using System;
namespace YourNamespace
{
    class YourClass
    {
    }
    struct YourStruct
    {
    }

    interface IYourInterface 
    {
    }

    delegate int YourDelegate();

    enum YourEnum 
    {
    }

    namespace YourNestedNamespace
    {
        struct YourStruct 
        {
        }
    }

    class YourMainClass
    {
        static void Main(string[] args) 
        {
            //Your program starts here...
        }
    }
}



Example of C#


using System;

class HelloWorld {
static void Main() {
//print text without inserting new line after the message
Console.Write("Hello World,");
Console.Write("How are you?");
//print new line
Console.WriteLine();
//print text with new line after the message
Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
Console.WriteLine("How are you?");
//print new line using escape sequence just like C language
Console.WriteLine("Hello World\nHow are you?");
}
}

O/P : 
                     Hello World,
                     How are you?
                     Hello World
                     How are you?
                     Hello World
                   How are you?



Keywords of C#

  • abstract
  • as
  • base
  • bool
  • break
  • byte
  • case
  • catch
  • char
  • checked
  • class
  • const
  • continue
  • decimal
  • default
  • delegate
  • do
  • double
  • else
  • enum
  • event
  • explicit
  • extern
  • false
  • finally
  • fixed
  • float
  • for
  • foreach
  • goto
  • if
  • implicit
  • in
  • int
  • interface
  • internal
  • is
  • lock
  • long
  • namespace
  • new
  • null
  • object
  • operator
  • out
  • override
  • params
  • private
  • protected
  • public
  • readonly
  • ref
  • return
  • sbyte
  • sealed
  • short
  • sizeof
  • stackalloc
  • static
  • string
  • struct
  • switch
  • this
  • throw
  • true
  • try
  • typeof
  • unit
  • ulong
  • unchecked
  • unsafe
  • ushort
  • using
  • using static
  • virtual
  • void
  • volatile
  • while

Python

Python

  • Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language.
  • Designed by Guido van Rossum
  • Developer Python Software Foundation
  • License Python Software Foundation License
  • Website : https://www.python.org/


Why called python


  • When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the published scripts from “Monty Python's Flying Circus”, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious, so he decided to call the language Python.




Advantage of python

  • Presence of Third Party Modules: ...
  • Extensive Support Libraries: ...
  • Open Source and Community Development: ...
  • Learning Ease and Support Available: ...
  • User-friendly Data Structures: ...
  • Productivity and Speed:


Disadvantage of Python


  • Speed. Python is slower than C or C++. ...
  • Mobile Development. Python is not a very good language for mobile development . ...
  • Memory Consumption. Python is not a good choice for memory intensive tasks. ...
  • Database Access. Python has limitations with database access . ...
  • Runtime Errors.

Features of python


  • Easy to Learn and Use. Python is easy to learn and use. ...
  • Expressive Language. Python language is more expressive means that it is more understandable and readable.
  • Interpreted Language. ...
  • Cross-platform Language. ...
  • Free and Open Source. ...
  • Object-Oriented Language. ...
  • Extensible. ...
  • Large Standard Library.
  • GUI Programming Support
  • Integrated

Example of python

x=int(input("Enter the Your First Name:"))
y=int(input("Enter the Your second Name:"))
print(x+y)

O/P :
           Enter the Your First Name:
           Enter the Your second Name:





Keywords of Python


  • False
  • class
  • finally
  • is
  • return
  • None
  • continue
  • for
  • lambda
  • try
  • True
  • def
  • from
  • nonlocal
  • while
  • and
  • del
  • global
  • not
  • with
  • as
  • elif
  • if
  • or
  • yield
  • assert
  • else
  • import
  • pass
  • break
  • except
  • in
  • raise

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Html

HTML

  • Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets and scripting languages such as JavaScript
  • Developed by: WHATWG
  • Type of format: Document file format
  • Filename extension .html or .htm


Advantage of HTML

  • HTML is Easy to Learn and Use. HTML is very easy to learn and understand. ...
  • HTML is Free. ...
  • HTML is Supported by all Browsers. ...
  • HTML is the Most Friendly Search Engine. ...
  • HTML is Simple to Edit. ...
  • HTML can Integrate Easily with Other Languages. ...
  • HTML is Lightweight. ...
  • HTML is Basic of all Programming Languages
Disadvantage of HTML
  • Errors can be costly.
  • The time it takes to choose the color scheme of a page and to create lists, tables and forms.
  • It can create only static and plain pages so if we need dynamic pages then HTML is not useful.
  • Need to write lot of code for making simple webpage.

Structure Of HTML

<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
</boday>
</html>

Keyword in HTML

  • <head>
  • <title>
  • <h1>
  • <img>
  • <href>
  • <a>
  • <link>
  • <embed>
  • <body>
  • <p>
  • <br>
  • <b>
  • <table>
  • <dl>
  • <li>
  • <ul>

Example of HTML

<html>
<head>
<title> Website </title>
</head>
<body>
<p> I am Nithilan </p>
</body>
</html>

O/P :                                              website
                     I am Nithilan

MYSQL

Mysql


  • MySQL is an open-source relational database management system.
  •  Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language
  • Original author : MySQL AB
  • Developer : Oracle Corporation
  • Initial release 23 May 1995
  • Written in C, C++
  • Type : RDBMS
  • License : GPLv2 or proprietary
  • SQL stands for Structured Query Language
  • SQL lets you access and manipulate databases

Advantage Of  Mysql

  • Data Security. ...
  • On-Demand Scalability. ...
  • High Performance. ...
  • Round-the-clock Uptime. ...
  • Comprehensive Transactional Support. ...
  • Complete Workflow Control. ...
  • Reduced Total Cost of Ownership. ...
  • The Flexibility of Open Source.

Disadvantage Of Mysql

  • It’s Got A Few Stability Issues
  • It Suffers From Relatively Poor Performance Scaling
  • Development Is Not Community Driven – and Hence Has Lagged
  • Its Functionality Tends To Be Heavily Dependant On Addons
  • Developers May Find Some Of Its Limitations To Be Frustrating

Keywords Of Mysql

  • DROP DATABASE databaseName -- Delete the database (irrecoverable!)
  • DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS databaseName -- Delete if it exists
  • CREATE DATABASE databaseName -- Create a new database
  • CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS databaseName -- Create only if it does not exists
  • SHOW DATABASES -- Show all the databases in this server
  • USE databaseName -- Set the default (current) database
  • SELECT DATABASE -- Show the default database
  • SHOW CREATE DATABASE databaseName -- Show the CREATE DATABASE statement

Example Of Mysql

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;

O/P:

+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
........

Java

Java

  • Java is a general-purpose programming language that is class-based, object-oriented, and designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible
  • First appeared: May 23, 1995
  • Designed by: James Gosling
  • Typing discipline: Static, strong, safe, nominative, manifest
  • Developer: Sun Microsystems
  • Filename extensions: java,.class,.jar
  • Java is a widely used programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the internet. ... Java can be used to create complete applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a network.
  • The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office

Structure Of Java

Class pro
{
  Public Static void main(String args[])
{
   System.out.print(" ");
}
}


Advantage of Java

  • Java is easy to learn. Java was designed to be easy to use and is therefore easy to write, compile, debug, and learn than other programming languages.
  • Java is object-oriented. This allows you to create modular programs and reusable code.
  • Java is platform-independent.
  • Object-Oriented.
  • Platform-Independent.
  • Distributed computing
  • Secure
  • Memory allocation
  • Multithreaded.

Disadvantage Of  Java

  • Performance. Java programs take much longer time to run compared to C/C++.
  • Memory. ...
  • Cost. ...
  • Low level programming. ...
  • Garbage collection. ...
  • No Unsigned Types Unlike C/C++, Java does not support unsigned int, unsigned char, … etc.

Uses Of Java

  • Mobile applications (specially Android apps)
  • Desktop applications
  • Web applications
  • Web servers and application servers
  • Games
  • Database connection
  • And much, much more!

Example Of Java
MyClass.java

public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum1 = 100 + 50;
int sum2 = sum1 + 250;
int sum3 = sum2 + sum2;
System.out.println(sum1);
System.out.println(sum2);
System.out.println(sum3);
}
}


O/P: 150
         400
         800

Key Words Of Java



  • const
  • continue
  • debugger
  • default
  • delete
  • do
  • double
  • else
  • eval
  • false
  • final
  • finally
  • float
  • for
  • function
  • goto
  • if
  • implements
  • in
  • instanceof
  • int
  • interface
  • let
  • long
  • native
  • new null
  • package
  • private
  • protected
  • public
  • return
  • short
  • static
  • switch
  • synchronized
  • this
  • throw
  • throws
  • transient
  • true
  • try
  • typeof
  • var
  • void
  • volatile
  • while
  • with
  • yield